Standard Library

Every function in these modules is a compiler intrinsic: the body written in the .agn source exists only so the file type-checks and so a human reading it can see the signature. The actual behavior is generated directly by the compiler backend, not by running that body. ReadInt, ReadChar, ReadLine, template string interpolation, and ++ are the exceptions called out below where the source body’s stated behavior does not hold under --backend=nvm.

stdio

Function	Signature	Notes
Print	(value int)	writes a decimal integer, no newline
Println	(value int)	writes a decimal integer and a newline
PrintStr	(text string)	writes a string, no newline
PrintlnStr	(text string)	writes a string and a newline
PrintChar	(ch int)	writes one byte
ReadInt	() int	reads a decimal integer from stdin
ReadChar	() int	reads one byte from stdin
ReadLine	(buffer int, maxlen int) int	reads a line into a heap buffer, returns the byte count
Flush	()	no-op; output is unbuffered

Print and Println only accept int; passing a string is a type error, use PrintStr/PrintlnStr.

ReadInt, ReadChar, and ReadLine are compile errors under --backend=nvm. The Novaria kernel’s stdin file descriptor has no working read handler (/dev/stdin has a null read function, /dev/tty returns immediately without filling the buffer), so there is no correct behavior to generate; the compiler refuses to compile the call instead of producing a program that hangs or reads garbage.

math

All functions take and return int.

Function	Signature	Notes
Max	(a int, b int) int
Min	(a int, b int) int
Pow	(base int, exp int) int
Sqrt	(n int) int	integer square root, Newton’s method, positive input only
GCD	(a int, b int) int	Euclidean algorithm, positive input only
LCM	(a int, b int) int	positive input only
Fact	(n int) int	factorial
IsEven	(n int) int	1 or 0
IsOdd	(n int) int	1 or 0
Sign	(x int) int	1 if x > 0, otherwise 0; negative input is not distinguished from zero
Clamp	(value int, min int, max int) int
SumRange	(n int) int	sum of 1..n
IsPrime	(n int) int	trial division, 1 or 0
Fib	(n int) int	n-th Fibonacci number, iterative

string

Function	Signature	Notes
len	(s string) int	byte length
compare	(s1 string, s2 string) int	0 if equal, -1 if s1 < s2, 1 if s1 > s2
concat	(s1 string, s2 string) string
is_empty	(s string) int	1 or 0

++ and $(...) template string interpolation (see Syntax) cover the same ground as concat for simple cases; string.concat is the only string-building option available under --backend=nvm, where ++ and template strings are compile errors.

novaria

Function	Signature	Notes
Exit	(code int)
Open	(filename string) int	read-only; there is no syscall to create or write a file
Read	(fd int, bufferOffset int) int
Write	(fd int, bufferOffset int) int
Remove	(filename string)
Exec	(filename string)	opens then spawns; the kernel does not report the child’s PID back
MemAlloc	(size int) int	returns a heap offset

This module wraps syscalls specific to the Novaria kernel. Its intrinsic behavior is only generated under --backend=nvm; under --backend=llvm these functions compile to their literal, non-functional source body (Open always returns -1 and so on), because there is no Novaria kernel underneath a native llvm-backend executable.